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Sri Lanka is one of the smallest, but biologically diverse countries in Asia. Indeed, the country is listed by Conservation International as one of the world´s 34 official "Biodiversity Hotspots". In addition, The Sinharaja Forest Reserve, the country´s last viable area of primary tropical rainforest, is the seventh UNESCO World Heritage Site. Sri Lanka´s high proportion of endemic species is remarkable. Take land crabs: all 51 species are endemic.

Influenced by Buddhist respect for all living beings, Sri Lanka has a well-entrenched conservation ethic. Indeed, Udawattakelle Sanctuary in Kandy is probably the world´s oldest wilderness protected area. There are 14 National Parks and 52 Sanctuaries, which together account for 13% of Sri Lanka´s land area.
The safari in one of the 14 national parks offers the chance to see some of Sri Lanka´s 91 mammals (16 endemic) – elephant, leopard, sloth bear, sambhur, spotted deer, hog, mouse- and barking-deer, wild boar, porcupine, ant-eater, civet cat, loris, giant squirrel, and monkeys such as the macaque, pyrole-faced leaf money and grey langur.

Elephants may be the most celebrated of Sri Lanka´s diverse wildlife, but they actually represent just one autor on a crowded ecological stage. For instance, this is one of the best places in the world to see elusive leopard, and one of the only places where the big cat is top predator in the system – the king of the Sri Lankan jungle. The final member of Sri Lanka´s ´big three´ is the sloth-bear, a shaggy, shambling denizen of the dry zone forests whose elongated snout and scimitar-like claws are ideally adapted for extracting termites from thein mounds.

Sri Lanka is one of the world´s best places to see blue whales. Sperm whales, killer whales, pilot whales and dolphins are also regularly spotted on whale watching trips from Mirissa on the south coast. The dugong frequents the north-west coast and the island´s beaches are visited by five of the seven turtle species.
The island is an ornithologist´s paradise, with over 233 resident bird species, (33 endemic) - but migratory species stretch that to an astounding 482. There are 171 reptiles species (101 endemic including two crocodile species). Thankfully, only five of the 83 snake species are lethal. The island also has 244 species of butterflies and 120 species of dragonflies.